Add error & subroute handlers; weakString; other minor handler changes

10 files changed, 331 insertions, 212 deletions

diff --git a/modules/caddyhttp/caddyhttp.go b/modules/caddyhttp/caddyhttp.go
index 330e135..ae73c98 100644
--- a/modules/caddyhttp/caddyhttp.go
+++ b/modules/caddyhttp/caddyhttp.go
@@ -323,8 +323,8 @@ func (app *App) automaticHTTPS() error {
 						},
 					},
 					handlers: []MiddlewareHandler{
-						Static{
-							StatusCode: strconv.Itoa(http.StatusTemporaryRedirect), // TODO: use permanent redirect instead
+						StaticResponse{
+							StatusCode: weakString(strconv.Itoa(http.StatusTemporaryRedirect)), // TODO: use permanent redirect instead
 							Headers: http.Header{
 								"Location":   []string{redirTo},
 								"Connection": []string{"close"},
diff --git a/modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/matcher.go b/modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/matcher.go
index da36eaa..023a69b 100644
--- a/modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/matcher.go
+++ b/modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/matcher.go
@@ -15,55 +15,166 @@
 package fileserver
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
+	"time"
 
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/modules/caddyhttp"
 	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
-	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2/modules/caddyhttp"
 )
 
 func init() {
 	caddy.RegisterModule(caddy.Module{
 		Name: "http.matchers.file",
-		New:  func() interface{} { return new(FileMatcher) },
+		New:  func() interface{} { return new(MatchFile) },
 	})
 }
 
-// FileMatcher is a matcher that can match requests
-// based on the local file system.
-// TODO: Not sure how to do this well; we'd need the ability to
-// hide files, etc...
-// TODO: Also consider a feature to match directory that
-// contains a certain filename (use filepath.Glob), useful
-// if wanting to map directory-URI requests where the dir
-// has index.php to PHP backends, for example (although this
-// can effectively be done with rehandling already)
-type FileMatcher struct {
-	Root  string   `json:"root"`
-	Path  string   `json:"path"`
-	Flags []string `json:"flags"`
+// MatchFile is an HTTP request matcher that can match
+// requests based upon file existence.
+type MatchFile struct {
+	// The root directory, used for creating absolute
+	// file paths, and required when working with
+	// relative paths; if not specified, the current
+	// directory is assumed. Accepts placeholders.
+	Root string `json:"root,omitempty"`
+
+	// The list of files to try. Each path here is
+	// considered relatice to Root. If nil, the
+	// request URL's path will be assumed. Accepts
+	// placeholders.
+	TryFiles []string `json:"try_files,omitempty"`
+
+	// How to choose a file in TryFiles.
+	// Default is first_exist.
+	TryPolicy string `json:"try_policy,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Validate ensures m has a valid configuration.
+func (m MatchFile) Validate() error {
+	switch m.TryPolicy {
+	case "",
+		tryPolicyFirstExist,
+		tryPolicyLargestSize,
+		tryPolicySmallestSize,
+		tryPolicyMostRecentMod:
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown try policy %s", m.TryPolicy)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Match returns true if r matches m. Returns true
+// if a file was matched. If so, two placeholders
+// will be available:
+//    - http.matchers.file.relative
+//    - http.matchers.file.absolute
+func (m MatchFile) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
+	repl := r.Context().Value(caddy.ReplacerCtxKey).(caddy.Replacer)
+	rel, abs, matched := m.selectFile(r)
+	if matched {
+		repl.Set("http.matchers.file.relative", rel)
+		repl.Set("http.matchers.file.absolute", abs)
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
-// Match matches the request r against m.
-func (m FileMatcher) Match(r *http.Request) bool {
-	fullPath := sanitizedPathJoin(m.Root, m.Path)
-	var match bool
-	if len(m.Flags) > 0 {
-		match = true
-		fi, err := os.Stat(fullPath)
-		for _, f := range m.Flags {
-			switch f {
-			case "EXIST":
-				match = match && os.IsNotExist(err)
-			case "DIR":
-				match = match && err == nil && fi.IsDir()
-			default:
-				match = false
+// selectFile chooses a file according to m.TryPolicy by appending
+// the paths in m.TryFiles to m.Root, with placeholder replacements.
+// It returns the root-relative path to the matched file, the full
+// or absolute path, and whether a match was made.
+func (m MatchFile) selectFile(r *http.Request) (rel, abs string, matched bool) {
+	repl := r.Context().Value(caddy.ReplacerCtxKey).(caddy.Replacer)
+
+	root := repl.ReplaceAll(m.Root, "")
+
+	// if list of files to try was omitted entirely,
+	// assume URL path
+	if m.TryFiles == nil {
+		// m is not a pointer, so this is safe
+		m.TryFiles = []string{r.URL.Path}
+	}
+
+	switch m.TryPolicy {
+	case "", tryPolicyFirstExist:
+		for _, f := range m.TryFiles {
+			suffix := repl.ReplaceAll(f, "")
+			fullpath := sanitizedPathJoin(root, suffix)
+			if fileExists(fullpath) {
+				return suffix, fullpath, true
 			}
 		}
+
+	case tryPolicyLargestSize:
+		var largestSize int64
+		var largestFilename string
+		var largestSuffix string
+		for _, f := range m.TryFiles {
+			suffix := repl.ReplaceAll(f, "")
+			fullpath := sanitizedPathJoin(root, suffix)
+			info, err := os.Stat(fullpath)
+			if err == nil && info.Size() > largestSize {
+				largestSize = info.Size()
+				largestFilename = fullpath
+				largestSuffix = suffix
+			}
+		}
+		return largestSuffix, largestFilename, true
+
+	case tryPolicySmallestSize:
+		var smallestSize int64
+		var smallestFilename string
+		var smallestSuffix string
+		for _, f := range m.TryFiles {
+			suffix := repl.ReplaceAll(f, "")
+			fullpath := sanitizedPathJoin(root, suffix)
+			info, err := os.Stat(fullpath)
+			if err == nil && (smallestSize == 0 || info.Size() < smallestSize) {
+				smallestSize = info.Size()
+				smallestFilename = fullpath
+				smallestSuffix = suffix
+			}
+		}
+		return smallestSuffix, smallestFilename, true
+
+	case tryPolicyMostRecentMod:
+		var recentDate time.Time
+		var recentFilename string
+		var recentSuffix string
+		for _, f := range m.TryFiles {
+			suffix := repl.ReplaceAll(f, "")
+			fullpath := sanitizedPathJoin(root, suffix)
+			info, err := os.Stat(fullpath)
+			if err == nil &&
+				(recentDate.IsZero() || info.ModTime().After(recentDate)) {
+				recentDate = info.ModTime()
+				recentFilename = fullpath
+				recentSuffix = suffix
+			}
+		}
+		return recentSuffix, recentFilename, true
 	}
-	return match
+
+	return
+}
+
+// fileExists returns true if file exists.
+func fileExists(file string) bool {
+	_, err := os.Stat(file)
+	return !os.IsNotExist(err)
 }
 
-// Interface guard
-var _ caddyhttp.RequestMatcher = (*FileMatcher)(nil)
+const (
+	tryPolicyFirstExist    = "first_exist"
+	tryPolicyLargestSize   = "largest_size"
+	tryPolicySmallestSize  = "smallest_size"
+	tryPolicyMostRecentMod = "most_recent_modified"
+)
+
+// Interface guards
+var (
+	_ caddy.Validator          = (*MatchFile)(nil)
+	_ caddyhttp.RequestMatcher = (*MatchFile)(nil)
+)
diff --git a/modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/staticfiles.go b/modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/staticfiles.go
index a7c72c9..761dfc3 100644
--- a/modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/staticfiles.go
+++ b/modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/staticfiles.go
@@ -42,27 +42,15 @@ func init() {
 
 // FileServer implements a static file server responder for Caddy.
 type FileServer struct {
-	Root            string              `json:"root,omitempty"` // default is current directory
-	Hide            []string            `json:"hide,omitempty"`
-	IndexNames      []string            `json:"index_names,omitempty"`
-	Files           []string            `json:"files,omitempty"` // all relative to the root; default is request URI path
-	SelectionPolicy string              `json:"selection_policy,omitempty"`
-	Rehandle        bool                `json:"rehandle,omitempty"` // issue a rehandle (internal redirect) if request is rewritten
-	Fallback        caddyhttp.RouteList `json:"fallback,omitempty"`
-	Browse          *Browse             `json:"browse,omitempty"`
-	// TODO: Etag
+	Root       string   `json:"root,omitempty"` // default is current directory
+	Hide       []string `json:"hide,omitempty"`
+	IndexNames []string `json:"index_names,omitempty"`
+	Browse     *Browse  `json:"browse,omitempty"`
 	// TODO: Content negotiation
 }
 
 // Provision sets up the static files responder.
 func (fsrv *FileServer) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
-	if fsrv.Fallback != nil {
-		err := fsrv.Fallback.Provision(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("setting up fallback routes: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
 	if fsrv.IndexNames == nil {
 		fsrv.IndexNames = defaultIndexNames
 	}
@@ -87,50 +75,14 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-const (
-	selectionPolicyFirstExisting = "first_existing"
-	selectionPolicyLargestSize   = "largest_size"
-	selectionPolicySmallestSize  = "smallest_size"
-	selectionPolicyRecentlyMod   = "most_recently_modified"
-)
-
-// Validate ensures that sf has a valid configuration.
-func (fsrv *FileServer) Validate() error {
-	switch fsrv.SelectionPolicy {
-	case "",
-		selectionPolicyFirstExisting,
-		selectionPolicyLargestSize,
-		selectionPolicySmallestSize,
-		selectionPolicyRecentlyMod:
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("unknown selection policy %s", fsrv.SelectionPolicy)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (fsrv *FileServer) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ caddyhttp.Handler) error {
 	repl := r.Context().Value(caddy.ReplacerCtxKey).(caddy.Replacer)
 
 	filesToHide := fsrv.transformHidePaths(repl)
 
-	// map the request to a filename
-	pathBefore := r.URL.Path
-	filename := fsrv.selectFile(r, repl, filesToHide)
-	if filename == "" {
-		// no files worked, so resort to fallback
-		if fsrv.Fallback != nil {
-			fallback := fsrv.Fallback.BuildCompositeRoute(w, r)
-			return fallback.ServeHTTP(w, r)
-		}
-		return caddyhttp.Error(http.StatusNotFound, nil)
-	}
-
-	// if the ultimate destination has changed, submit
-	// this request for a rehandling (internal redirect)
-	// if configured to do so
-	if r.URL.Path != pathBefore && fsrv.Rehandle {
-		return caddyhttp.ErrRehandle
-	}
+	root := repl.ReplaceAll(fsrv.Root, "")
+	suffix := repl.ReplaceAll(r.URL.Path, "")
+	filename := sanitizedPathJoin(root, suffix)
 
 	// get information about the file
 	info, err := os.Stat(filename)
@@ -161,12 +113,8 @@ func (fsrv *FileServer) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ cadd
 			}
 
 			// we found an index file that might work,
-			// so rewrite the request path and, if
-			// configured, do an internal redirect
+			// so rewrite the request path
 			r.URL.Path = path.Join(r.URL.Path, indexPage)
-			if fsrv.Rehandle {
-				return caddyhttp.ErrRehandle
-			}
 
 			info = indexInfo
 			filename = indexPath
@@ -308,107 +256,12 @@ func sanitizedPathJoin(root, reqPath string) string {
 	return filepath.Join(root, filepath.FromSlash(path.Clean("/"+reqPath)))
 }
 
-// selectFile uses the specified selection policy (or first_existing
-// by default) to map the request r to a filename. The full path to
-// the file is returned if one is found; otherwise, an empty string
-// is returned.
-func (fsrv *FileServer) selectFile(r *http.Request, repl caddy.Replacer, filesToHide []string) string {
-	root := repl.ReplaceAll(fsrv.Root, "")
-
-	if fsrv.Files == nil {
-		return sanitizedPathJoin(root, r.URL.Path)
-	}
-
-	switch fsrv.SelectionPolicy {
-	case "", selectionPolicyFirstExisting:
-		filesToHide := fsrv.transformHidePaths(repl)
-		for _, f := range fsrv.Files {
-			suffix := repl.ReplaceAll(f, "")
-			fullpath := sanitizedPathJoin(root, suffix)
-			if !fileHidden(fullpath, filesToHide) && fileExists(fullpath) {
-				r.URL.Path = suffix
-				return fullpath
-			}
-		}
-
-	case selectionPolicyLargestSize:
-		var largestSize int64
-		var largestFilename string
-		var largestSuffix string
-		for _, f := range fsrv.Files {
-			suffix := repl.ReplaceAll(f, "")
-			fullpath := sanitizedPathJoin(root, suffix)
-			if fileHidden(fullpath, filesToHide) {
-				continue
-			}
-			info, err := os.Stat(fullpath)
-			if err == nil && info.Size() > largestSize {
-				largestSize = info.Size()
-				largestFilename = fullpath
-				largestSuffix = suffix
-			}
-		}
-		r.URL.Path = largestSuffix
-		return largestFilename
-
-	case selectionPolicySmallestSize:
-		var smallestSize int64
-		var smallestFilename string
-		var smallestSuffix string
-		for _, f := range fsrv.Files {
-			suffix := repl.ReplaceAll(f, "")
-			fullpath := sanitizedPathJoin(root, suffix)
-			if fileHidden(fullpath, filesToHide) {
-				continue
-			}
-			info, err := os.Stat(fullpath)
-			if err == nil && (smallestSize == 0 || info.Size() < smallestSize) {
-				smallestSize = info.Size()
-				smallestFilename = fullpath
-				smallestSuffix = suffix
-			}
-		}
-		r.URL.Path = smallestSuffix
-		return smallestFilename
-
-	case selectionPolicyRecentlyMod:
-		var recentDate time.Time
-		var recentFilename string
-		var recentSuffix string
-		for _, f := range fsrv.Files {
-			suffix := repl.ReplaceAll(f, "")
-			fullpath := sanitizedPathJoin(root, suffix)
-			if fileHidden(fullpath, filesToHide) {
-				continue
-			}
-			info, err := os.Stat(fullpath)
-			if err == nil &&
-				(recentDate.IsZero() || info.ModTime().After(recentDate)) {
-				recentDate = info.ModTime()
-				recentFilename = fullpath
-				recentSuffix = suffix
-			}
-		}
-		r.URL.Path = recentSuffix
-		return recentFilename
-	}
-
-	return ""
-}
-
-// fileExists returns true if file exists.
-func fileExists(file string) bool {
-	_, err := os.Stat(file)
-	return !os.IsNotExist(err)
-}
-
 // fileHidden returns true if filename is hidden
 // according to the hide list.
 func fileHidden(filename string, hide []string) bool {
 	nameOnly := filepath.Base(filename)
 	sep := string(filepath.Separator)
 
-	// see if file is hidden
 	for _, h := range hide {
 		// assuming h is a glob/shell-like pattern,
 		// use it to compare the whole file path;
@@ -453,6 +306,5 @@ const minBackoff, maxBackoff = 2, 5
 // Interface guards
 var (
 	_ caddy.Provisioner           = (*FileServer)(nil)
-	_ caddy.Validator             = (*FileServer)(nil)
 	_ caddyhttp.MiddlewareHandler = (*FileServer)(nil)
 )
diff --git a/modules/caddyhttp/routes.go b/modules/caddyhttp/routes.go
index e010bb6..b0672b1 100644
--- a/modules/caddyhttp/routes.go
+++ b/modules/caddyhttp/routes.go
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ func (routes RouteList) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
 
 // BuildCompositeRoute creates a chain of handlers by
 // applying all of the matching routes.
-func (routes RouteList) BuildCompositeRoute(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) Handler {
+func (routes RouteList) BuildCompositeRoute(req *http.Request) Handler {
 	if len(routes) == 0 {
 		return emptyHandler
 	}
diff --git a/modules/caddyhttp/server.go b/modules/caddyhttp/server.go
index 8bc3a5a..a24bbac 100644
--- a/modules/caddyhttp/server.go
+++ b/modules/caddyhttp/server.go
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func (s *Server) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	addHTTPVarsToReplacer(repl, r, w)
 
 	// build and execute the main handler chain
-	stack := s.Routes.BuildCompositeRoute(w, r)
+	stack := s.Routes.BuildCompositeRoute(r)
 	stack = s.wrapPrimaryRoute(stack)
 	err := s.executeCompositeRoute(w, r, stack)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func (s *Server) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		}
 
 		if s.Errors != nil && len(s.Errors.Routes) > 0 {
-			errStack := s.Errors.Routes.BuildCompositeRoute(w, r)
+			errStack := s.Errors.Routes.BuildCompositeRoute(r)
 			err := s.executeCompositeRoute(w, r, errStack)
 			if err != nil {
 				// TODO: what should we do if the error handler has an error?
diff --git a/modules/caddyhttp/staticerror.go b/modules/caddyhttp/staticerror.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a8e8bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/caddyhttp/staticerror.go
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package caddyhttp
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	caddy.RegisterModule(caddy.Module{
+		Name: "http.handlers.error",
+		New:  func() interface{} { return new(StaticError) },
+	})
+}
+
+// StaticError implements a simple handler that returns an error.
+type StaticError struct {
+	Error      string     `json:"error,omitempty"`
+	StatusCode weakString `json:"status_code,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (e StaticError) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ Handler) error {
+	repl := r.Context().Value(caddy.ReplacerCtxKey).(caddy.Replacer)
+
+	statusCode := http.StatusInternalServerError
+	if codeStr := e.StatusCode.String(); codeStr != "" {
+		intVal, err := strconv.Atoi(repl.ReplaceAll(codeStr, ""))
+		if err != nil {
+			return Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, err)
+		}
+		statusCode = intVal
+	}
+
+	return Error(statusCode, fmt.Errorf("%s", e.Error))
+}
+
+// Interface guard
+var _ MiddlewareHandler = (*StaticError)(nil)
+
+// weakString is a type that unmarshals any JSON value
+// as a string literal, and provides methods for
+// getting the value as different primitive types.
+// However, using this type removes any type safety
+// as far as deserializing JSON is concerned.
+type weakString string
+
+// UnmarshalJSON satisfies json.Unmarshaler. It
+// unmarshals b by always interpreting it as a
+// string literal.
+func (ws *weakString) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
+	*ws = weakString(strings.Trim(string(b), `"`))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Int returns ws as an integer. If ws is not an
+// integer, 0 is returned.
+func (ws weakString) Int() int {
+	num, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(ws))
+	return num
+}
+
+// Float64 returns ws as a float64. If ws is not a
+// float value, the zero value is returned.
+func (ws weakString) Float64() float64 {
+	num, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(string(ws), 64)
+	return num
+}
+
+// Bool returns ws as a boolean. If ws is not a
+// boolean, false is returned.
+func (ws weakString) Bool() bool {
+	return string(ws) == "true"
+}
+
+// String returns ws as a string.
+func (ws weakString) String() string {
+	return string(ws)
+}
diff --git a/modules/caddyhttp/staticresp.go b/modules/caddyhttp/staticresp.go
index 8e4a3df..291d992 100644
--- a/modules/caddyhttp/staticresp.go
+++ b/modules/caddyhttp/staticresp.go
@@ -24,20 +24,20 @@ import (
 
 func init() {
 	caddy.RegisterModule(caddy.Module{
-		Name: "http.handlers.static",
-		New:  func() interface{} { return new(Static) },
+		Name: "http.handlers.static_response",
+		New:  func() interface{} { return new(StaticResponse) },
 	})
 }
 
-// Static implements a simple responder for static responses.
-type Static struct {
-	StatusCode string      `json:"status_code"`
+// StaticResponse implements a simple responder for static responses.
+type StaticResponse struct {
+	StatusCode weakString  `json:"status_code"`
 	Headers    http.Header `json:"headers"`
 	Body       string      `json:"body"`
 	Close      bool        `json:"close"`
 }
 
-func (s Static) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ Handler) error {
+func (s StaticResponse) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ Handler) error {
 	repl := r.Context().Value(caddy.ReplacerCtxKey).(caddy.Replacer)
 
 	// close the connection after responding
@@ -60,11 +60,12 @@ func (s Static) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ Handler) err
 
 	// get the status code
 	statusCode := http.StatusOK
-	if s.StatusCode != "" {
-		intVal, err := strconv.Atoi(repl.ReplaceAll(s.StatusCode, ""))
-		if err == nil {
-			statusCode = intVal
+	if codeStr := s.StatusCode.String(); codeStr != "" {
+		intVal, err := strconv.Atoi(repl.ReplaceAll(codeStr, ""))
+		if err != nil {
+			return Error(http.StatusInternalServerError, err)
 		}
+		statusCode = intVal
 	}
 
 	// write headers
@@ -79,4 +80,4 @@ func (s Static) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ Handler) err
 }
 
 // Interface guard
-var _ MiddlewareHandler = (*Static)(nil)
+var _ MiddlewareHandler = (*StaticResponse)(nil)
diff --git a/modules/caddyhttp/staticresp_test.go b/modules/caddyhttp/staticresp_test.go
index 111e4f3..49adedd 100644
--- a/modules/caddyhttp/staticresp_test.go
+++ b/modules/caddyhttp/staticresp_test.go
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ func TestStaticResponseHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	r := fakeRequest()
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 
-	s := Static{
-		StatusCode: strconv.Itoa(http.StatusNotFound),
+	s := StaticResponse{
+		StatusCode: weakString(strconv.Itoa(http.StatusNotFound)),
 		Headers: http.Header{
 			"X-Test": []string{"Testing"},
 		},
diff --git a/modules/caddyhttp/subroute.go b/modules/caddyhttp/subroute.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9172146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/caddyhttp/subroute.go
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package caddyhttp
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	caddy.RegisterModule(caddy.Module{
+		Name: "http.handlers.subroute",
+		New:  func() interface{} { return new(Subroute) },
+	})
+}
+
+// Subroute implements a handler that compiles and executes routes.
+// This is useful for a batch of routes that all inherit the same
+// matchers, or for routes with matchers that must be have deferred
+// evaluation (e.g. if they depend on placeholders created by other
+// matchers that need to be evaluated first).
+type Subroute struct {
+	Routes RouteList `json:"routes,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Provision sets up subrouting.
+func (sr *Subroute) Provision(ctx caddy.Context) error {
+	if sr.Routes != nil {
+		err := sr.Routes.Provision(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("setting up routes: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (sr *Subroute) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ Handler) error {
+	subroute := sr.Routes.BuildCompositeRoute(r)
+	return subroute.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+}
+
+// Interface guards
+var (
+	_ caddy.Provisioner = (*Subroute)(nil)
+	_ MiddlewareHandler = (*Subroute)(nil)
+)
diff --git a/modules/caddyhttp/templates/templates.go b/modules/caddyhttp/templates/templates.go
index 85b0bc2..9a41b6d 100644
--- a/modules/caddyhttp/templates/templates.go
+++ b/modules/caddyhttp/templates/templates.go
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ func init() {
 
 // Templates is a middleware which execute response bodies as templates.
 type Templates struct {
-	FileRoot   string   `json:"file_root,omitempty"`
-	MIMETypes  []string `json:"mime_types,omitempty"`
-	Delimiters []string `json:"delimiters,omitempty"`
+	IncludeRoot string   `json:"include_root,omitempty"`
+	MIMETypes   []string `json:"mime_types,omitempty"`
+	Delimiters  []string `json:"delimiters,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // Provision provisions t.
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ func (t *Templates) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, next caddy
 // executeTemplate executes the template contained in wb.buf and replaces it with the results.
 func (t *Templates) executeTemplate(rr caddyhttp.ResponseRecorder, r *http.Request) error {
 	var fs http.FileSystem
-	if t.FileRoot != "" {
-		fs = http.Dir(t.FileRoot)
+	if t.IncludeRoot != "" {
+		fs = http.Dir(t.IncludeRoot)
 	}
 
 	ctx := &templateContext{